Cash Flow Analysis – Smart Advice for Computing Operating Expenses

The cash flow of rental income property is what any investor engaged in real estate investing wants to determine. How much cash (both before taxes and after taxes) will remain after the property’s operating expenses and mortgage payment is deducted from the rental and other income generated by the property? In other words, will the property ultimately produce enough cash during any given year for me to pocket some of it (and perhaps invest it elsewhere) or have to feed into it (out of my personal funds) to keep the property running?

Arriving at an income property’s cash flow before taxes (CFBT) is straightforward: Simply calculate the property’s gross scheduled income (the total annual income that would be collected if all units are rented) then deduct some amount for vacancy and credit losses then add back in any other income that could be collected annually (i.e., from laundry facilities, garages, storage units, etc.) then deduct the property’s annual operating expenses and finally the annual mortgage payment you must make to own the property.

Arriving at the property’s cash flow after taxes (CFAT) is slightly more complex in that it either adds to or deducts from the annual (CFBT) depending upon whether the real estate investor has a tax liability or tax savings after the elements of tax shelter are applied (i.e., depreciation, mortgage interest, and amortized loan points) based upon the investor’s marginal income tax rate.

Okay, I understand that you if you are new at real estate investing you might be scratching your head about now. But stick with me. I just want you to understand the importance of cash flow plays in any investment real estate decision. It’s paramount.

Fair enough, now let me offer some suggestions about how you should enter the property’s annual operating expenses when you do your rental property analysis so you arrive at the correct bottom line.

Here’s the common tendency amongst many inexperienced agents and real estate investors.

They will use the current owner’s vacancy rate along with his repairs and maintenance costs to calculate their analysis. For example, if the owner is reporting a 2% (or perhaps even zero) vacancy rate and say a 2% repairs and maintenance cost, the tendency is to carry forward these figures into their own property analysis. In other words, they are content to assume that the same figures for vacancy rate and repairs that the current owner enjoyed will also apply to the buyer.

But this is a wrong real estate investing assumption because it’s not logical. Think about it.

The fact that the current owner has had a low vacancy rate can be attributable to any number of factors such as below-market rents, rent incentives, or sloppy rent collection policies that allow tenants (without penalty) to not pay on time. By the same token the repairs and maintenance costs might be the result of the owner doing the repairs himself or perhaps having a relative or friend do the work at a cost that’s next-to-nothing.

This is why all bank appraisers always use at least a 5% vacancy and credit loss rate and somewhere between a 6-8% repairs and maintenance rate for the property’s operating expenses when setting a fair market value for the property. So should you; it just makes smart real estate investing sense to arrive at the cash flow that you are most likely to collect if you purchase property (despite what the owner claims).

Real Estate Investing Goals

Why is it so important to know what your real estate investing goals are? In order to figure out what type of property you are looking for you will need to know what exactly you want to get from real estate investing. Are you looking for monthly positive cashflow, long term appreciation and equity building, or a combination? Are you interested in investing for the long term or the short term? How much time do you have and what is your risk tolerance?

Before you can determine your property type, it’s necessary to assess your current financial state and understand what you are trying to achieve and what is possible.

Your Five Year Plan – Goal Setting

This is a technique we use over and over. Sit down right now and write down:

1. Where you want to be financially in five years (be specific, for example do you want to be earning 0,000/year in your job, own two properties that are giving you 0/month in positive income, and have ,000 in RRSPs)?

2. What can you do in the next 12 months to achieve each of the above items (once again, be specific and try and make the items measurable)?

3. What can you do in the next six months to move towards your 12 month goals?

4. What must you achieve this month to move towards your 6 and 12 month goals?

5. Review these goals regularly. We used to do it monthly, but now we just do it quarterly. Find what works for you, and stick with it.

Think about the impact these goals will have on your real estate investing. How do you know what type of property to look for if you haven’t established the goals you wish to achieve from real estate investing? Some initial considerations before you begin a property search:

* Will you live in one of the rental units or will you be an absentee landlord?

* Do you have any savings to use for the purchase (or can you use your RRSP’s as part of the first time Home Buyer’s Plan)?

* What size of mortgage can you qualify for?

* What is your risk tolerance?

* How much spare time do you have to devote to the property?

* Do you have any construction/renovation knowledge (or know somebody that does)?

* Will you manage the property yourself, or will you hire a property manager?

* Can you afford to supplement the property monthly if necessary?

Think carefully about your answers, as each one has an impact on your choice of property. For now, let’s focus on the very first decision: Living in the building with your rental unit or being an absentee landlord.

Living in the building

Perhaps you just want to get your foot in the door in a nice neighbourhood and this is the best way to afford it, or the property you want to purchase needs some work and you want to live in it while you renovate it. Whatever the reason you want to live in your rental property, be prepared to take the good with the bad. The benefits that come to mind are (especially over a scenario where you are currently a renter):

* Cashflow from your home (tenant pays for some or all of your mortgage)

* Affording a better location with the rental income than you could otherwise qualify for and carry

* Appreciation on your home, and

* Tax benefits of repairs you do (be sure to speak to your accountant as not everything is eligible).

There are downsides to living in your rental property though:

* Potential for late night disturbances

* Feeling unsafe in your own home (but there are things you can do to carefully screen your tenants – we’ll discuss in a later edition)

* Stress of having to deal with immediate problems (both large and small) because you are located there, and

* It’s easier to "justify" spending more than you can afford on renovations because it is "your home" and you want to make it nice.

Absentee Landlord

If the down sides sound a little too much to handle then being an absentee landlord might be the answer. You may still benefit from:

* Cashflow

* Leverage other people’s money (tenant pays down the property’s mortgage)

* Tax benefits (although you will have to pay income tax on the rental income – again speak with your accountant)

* Appreciation, and

* If you choose to hire a (good) property manager, you barely have to think about your property.

Of course, if things go wrong you may not know about it because you aren’t there. Problems that could have resolved themselves easily early on can multiply and create very dramatic issues. As well, if you choose to hire a property manager there are a whole host of other issues that can arise if your property manager turns out to be a dud (in a few months we will tell you about the property manager that stole from us, and tell you how you can take steps to protect yourself from the same thing).

Bottom line is there are positives and negatives to both situations. We lived in one of our properties (a tri-plex) for almost two years. We had two police visits, loads of stress over a tenant we tried to evict, and we spent more money on renovations than we would have if we were not living there. However, all of that was worth it because we lived in an area we couldn’t afford to live in without the rental income, we were able to slowly renovate the house and it’s now increased in value substantially, and we were able to write off many of the expenses of our home against the income we get from the two other units.

So, will you live in your rental property or will you buy a place that isn’t going to be your home? How does that fit with your real estate investing goals? Now that you have some things to think about, it’s time to start figuring out what types of property investments will meet your goals.

Julie is passionate about real estate investing. Get her Free Real Estate Investing Starter Tips Guide and sign up for her newsletter on real estate investing at her website http://www.revnyou.com

Article Source: ArticleSpan

Real Estate Investing – Eliminating Risk

What would it be like to create business plans so clever that they are virtually infallible? A lofty goal, but an attainable one, for real estate investors willing to take the time to create a series of safety nets for their investments.

The premise works as follows: no matter how long term your investment goals are, investors are wise to consider and allow for contingencies forcing them to extend their ownership exposure for the property. In plain English, that means that you should invest with backup plans in place in case you have to hold onto the property.

From a practical perspective, how is this done?

If you flip real estate contracts, and your ownership exposure is (ideally) none, you probably are only concerned with how cheaply you can acquire a real estate purchase contract, and how expensively you can sell it. But what happens when your buyer bails out at the last minute? Or you can’t find a buyer? You’re stuck settling on the property yourself, which means the next fastest way to turn a profit is to sell the property. But of course, you now had to pay all those settlement expenses, and you’ll have even more expenses to sell the property. How do you recover that profit?

The answer is that you’ll have to create value in the property. The easiest way to create equity in the property is to improve it, so when you’re scouting for houses, even if only to flip the contract, look for fixer-uppers, because they’re easier to scrape a profit from if you’re forced to settle. As a bonus, you’ll be selling to a homeowner instead of a fellow investor, which means they’ll be buying retail instead of wholesale, improving your sales price further.

What’s the next safety net, if you can’t sell the property? You probably have a mortgage that you’re carrying every month, which means you’ll have to do something to cover that hefty expense, and fast. This means renting the property to a tenant, so that someone ELSE pays that monthly bill. So the trick here is minimizing your monthly costs (i.e. mortgage) and maximizing your monthly income (i.e. rent). Some neighborhoods lend themselves far better to rental properties than others, so consider the market rents when you buy a property (or put a contract on a property intending to flip it).

Neighborhoods that tend to make for good rental investments are college neighborhoods, immigrant neighborhoods, gentrifying yuppie neighborhoods, and stable blue-collar working neighborhoods. Each of these has their own pitfalls, but they make for a good place to start looking.

Once the property is rented out, you can sell to a fellow landlord or real estate investor at your leisure, if you so choose. If that fails to offer the profit your books need, what’s the next safety net?

The final safety net is to limit your exposure to neighborhoods that you feel are appreciating in value. Thus, if you can’t flip the contract, can’t renovate and resell, and can’t sell after renting out, you can always simply allow the property to appreciate on its own, after which you can refinance for cash out, or (finally!) sell the damn thing for a profit.

Just as with each of our previous safety nets, our last one has certain indicators to bear in mind. Areas that are likely to appreciate must, first and foremost, have some sort of intrinsically valuable location. This could mean anything from an urban neighborhood close to a body of water, or close to the site of planned sports stadium, or an area with access to existing or planned transportation, or any number of other factors. Keep an eye on demographic patterns, and if you see a neighborhood that starts appealing to young professionals, it’s a strong sign, as they tend to be the first in the door of a gentrifying neighborhood.

The next time you consider buying an investment property (or contract), consider all of these safety nets, and look for fixer-uppers, areas with strong market rents relative to pricing, and neighborhoods likely to appreciate. Don’t assume your first plan will work, because it may be your last real estate investment if it fails.

Brian Davis is a real estate investor and contributing writer to many real estate websites, including NuWire Investor and EZ Landlord Forms, which offers a customizable rental agreement, free rental application and other rental forms.

Article Source: ArticleSpan